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ASTI’s national agricultural research expenditure data is categorized as salary-related expenses, operating and program costs, and capital investments by government, nonprofit, and higher education agencies. Data on spending by private entities are excluded, due to lack of availability. Additional financial data, such as shares of spending by cost category and funding by source, are accessible under the individual country pages.

ASTI’s data on national agricultural researchers are expressed in full-time equivalent (FTE) researchers (with official researcher status) employed at government, nonprofit, and higher education agencies. Data on agricultural researchers employed by the private sector are excluded due to lack of availability. FTE calculations take into account the proportion of time scientists actually spend on research as opposed to other activities.